The Origin of The Big Five
In the 19th century, early big game hunters in Africa introduced the term “The Big Five” to describe the five animals they found most dangerous to hunt on foot, particularly when these creatures were cornered or injured. The reasons each animal earned a spot on this list varied, but it generally came down to their temperament under pursuit, their intelligence, and their formidable defensive capabilities.
The Big Five include:
– African Lion
– Leopard
– African Elephant
– Black (and White) Rhinoceros
– Cape Buffalo
Tragically, the near-mythical status of these animals among hunters led to intense persecution, especially of the largest specimens, which resulted in their irreplaceable DNA being lost from the gene pool forever.
However, with the rise of photographic safaris, the term “The Big Five” endures, and these species continue to captivate wildlife enthusiasts around the world. Encountering any of these majestic animals in their natural habitat evokes a deep sense of awe and reverence.
As one of Africa’s premier safari destinations, Tanzania is home to all members of the Big Five. The country’s extensive network of national parks, reserves, and conservancies makes it easier than ever to visit areas where these species thrive in their natural environments.
When & Where to See The Big Five
Since each of these species resides year-round in the areas listed below, the primary factor influencing your chances of spotting them is the season—whether it’s the wet or dry season. Generally, the dry season, from June to October, offers better opportunities for wildlife viewing as animals are easier to spot during this time.
LION
Lions, known for their famously lazy demeanor, are most active during the early morning, late afternoon, and nighttime when temperatures are cooler. These big cats can sleep up to 23 hours a day, and the lions of Lake Manyara National Park are particularly notable for their unusual habit of sleeping in trees. As the most social of the big cats, lions live in prides that can include up to 50 members. Males are larger than females, distinguished by their manes that encircle their heads and upper bodies. Lions prefer open habitats, such as savannahs and acacia woodlands, which are ideal for hunting.
In Tanzania, lions are widely distributed and can be observed year-round in the following national parks and reserves:
– Serengeti National Park
– Ngorongoro Crater and Conservation Area
– Tarangire National Park
– Manyara National Park (famous for tree-climbing lions)
– Ruaha National Park
– Nyerere National Park
LEOPARD
Leopards are solitary and secretive animals, typically active during the cooler hours of early morning, late afternoon, and night, although you might occasionally spot them moving during the day. They are skilled climbers, often ascending trees to use them as lookouts or to keep their prey safe from scavengers. While leopards do sometimes venture into open areas, they are generally found in habitats with dense to moderately dense vegetation, where their cryptic markings allow them to blend seamlessly into the surroundings.
In Tanzania, leopards can be observed year-round in the following national parks and reserves:
– Serengeti National Park
– Ngorongoro Crater and Conservation Area
– Tarangire National Park
– Katavi National Park
– Ruaha National Park
– Nyerere National Park
ELEPHANT
The world’s largest mammal, weighing up to 6 tons, elephants are active both day and night, constantly on the move in search of food. These majestic creatures inhabit a variety of environments, from swamps and woodlands to open plains. Elephants live in large, social groups and are generally peaceful, making their social interactions fascinating to observe. Older bulls often form small bachelor groups with younger males, separate from the breeding herds. Known for their frequent drinking habits, elephants also enjoy swimming and taking mud baths.
Visitors have an excellent chance of seeing elephants year-round in the following national parks and reserves:
– Tarangire National Park
– Lake Manyara National Park
– Serengeti National Park
– Ruaha National Park
– Nyerere National Park
RHINOCEROS
Tanzania is home to both black and white rhinos, which can be seen throughout the day. Black rhinos, also known as hook-lipped rhinos, are known for their aggressive temperament. They weigh up to 1,400 kg and stand about 1.5 meters (4.9 feet) at the shoulder. In contrast, white rhinos, or square-lipped rhinos, are significantly larger, weighing up to 2,300 kg and reaching 1.9 meters (6.1 feet) at the shoulder. Despite their size, white rhinos are more docile. Both species can be found either individually or in small groups. Black rhinos primarily browse on leaves, while white rhinos graze on grass.
Due to extensive poaching for their horns, rhinos have become increasingly rare, but thanks to intensive conservation efforts, they can still be seen in the following national parks and reserves:
– Serengeti National Park
– Ngorongoro Crater and Conservation Area
– Mkomazi National Park
– Nyerere National Park (Rare sightings)
CAPE BUFFALO
These large bovids, weighing between 500 and 900 kg and standing about 1.5 meters (4.9 feet) tall, are typically found in herds that can exceed 1,000 individuals. They primarily inhabit open grasslands and areas near water but will venture into wooded regions in search of grazing and shelter. Active throughout the day, they rely on the safety of numbers. Older males often form smaller, separate groups and are notorious for their formidable temperament when threatened. Cape buffalo are also known for their strong sense of loyalty, often coming to the aid of fellow herd members in danger.
Buffalo are widespread and can be seen in the following national parks and reserves:
– Serengeti National Park
– Ngorongoro Crater and Conservation Area
– Tarangire National Park
– Katavi National Park
– Ruaha National Park
– Nyerere National Park
